MUSCLE TONE

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ENGLISH VIDEO:

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MUSCLE TONE:

Even when the muscle is at rest certain amount of contraction usually remain. This residual amount of contraction is called as muscle tone.

Muscle Tone is the tension in the muscle when the body is at rest.

Powerful contractions involve a larger proportion of available fibers than weaker ones;

To lift a heavy weight, more active muscle fibers are required than to lift a lighter one.

Neuromotor pathway:

Muscle tone doesn’t produce any active movements.

It keeps the muscle firm, healthy and ready to respond to the stimulation.

Signals received in neuro muscular junction cause in continuous muscle contraction. Skeletal muscles are completely relaxed or flaccid even if a muscle is not producing movement, it is contracted a small amount to maintain its contractile proteins and produce muscle tone.

Muscle tone is formed by the interaction between the nervous system and skeletal muscles that result in the activation of few motor units.

It may happen due to the nerve impulse from the spinal cord or the brain or it may be due to the nerve fiber of the muscle fiber itself.

It is the muscle’s response to an outside force , such as stretch or the change in direction.

Appropriate muscle tone enables our bodies to quickly respond to stretch.

It helps us to maintain posture , positioning , control movements and it is fundamental to the development of motor skills, balance and coordination.

It helps to maintain posture and declines during REM Sleep.

Muscle tone is a sustained or partial muscle contraction that allows posture to be maintained without fatiguing the muscles involved.

For example keeping the head upright requires constant activity of the muscles of the neck and shoulders.

Groups of muscle fibers within these muscles take it in turns to contract,

so that at any one time, some fibers are contracted and others are resting.

This allows certain effort to hold the head upright to be distributed throughout the muscles involved.

A Good muscle tone protects the joints and gives the muscle a firmness and shape, even when the body is relaxed.

Causes OF ABNORMAL MUSCLE TONE:

CHILDREN

Down syndrome

Muscular dystrophy

Cerebral palsy

Etc…

Adults

CVA

Myasthenia gravis

Brain tumour.

Etc…..

3 categories of muscle tone:

HYPOTONIA = low muscle tone { high elasticity} floppy.

NORMAL muscle tone { appropriate elasticity}. It helps to maintain the posture.

HYPERTONIA= High muscle tone { less elasticity} stiff legs.

Hypotonia can result from damage to the parts of the CNS such as the cerebellum.

Excessive muscle tone Hypertonia accompanied by hyperflexia { excessive reflex response} often result from the damage to upper motor neurons in the CNS. Hypertonia can present with muscle rigidity as seen in Parkinson’s disease or spasticity .